See ringer on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hogringer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ringer equivalence number"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"ringere",
"ringere#Middle_English"
],
[
"rynger",
"rynger#Middle_English"
],
[
"ryngar",
"ryngar#Middle_English"
],
[
"ring",
"ring#English"
],
[
"-er",
"-er#English:_agent_noun"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "ringere"
},
"expansion": "Middle English ringere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ring",
"3": "er",
"gloss1": "to sound a bell",
"id2": "agent noun"
},
"expansion": "ring (“to sound a bell”) + -er",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English ringere, rynger, ryngar, equivalent to ring (“to sound a bell”) + -er.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ringers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ringer (plural ringers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "63 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -er (agent noun)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 0 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 27 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
38,
45
]
],
"ref": "1863, Jean Ingelow, High Tide on the Coast of Lincolnshire:",
"text": "Pull, if ye never pull′d before;\nGood ringers, pull your best,\" quoth he.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Someone who rings, especially a bell ringer."
],
"id": "en-ringer-en-noun-N~-oI~M9",
"links": [
[
"ring",
"ring"
],
[
"bell ringer",
"bell ringer"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Mining",
"orig": "en:Mining",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A crowbar."
],
"id": "en-ringer-en-noun-en:Q13681",
"links": [
[
"mining",
"mining#Noun"
],
[
"crowbar",
"crowbar"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mining) A crowbar."
],
"senseid": [
"en:Q13681"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"mining"
],
"wikidata": [
"Q13681"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹɪŋə(ɹ)/"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-ringer.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/En-au-ringer.ogg/En-au-ringer.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/En-au-ringer.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪŋə(ɹ)"
}
],
"word": "ringer"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"ring",
"ring#English"
],
[
"-er",
"-er#English"
]
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "ring<t:to surround>",
"4": "-er",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "From ring (“to surround”) + -er.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From ring (“to surround”) + -er.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ringers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ringer (plural ringers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Ornithology",
"orig": "en:Ornithology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "38 0 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 27 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
229,
236
]
],
"ref": "1970, D.I.M. Wallace, “The first ten years of the Rarities Committee”, in British Birds, volume 63, number 3, London, page 124:",
"text": "It is difficult to classify them precisely, but, in roughly ascending order of productivity, we now recognise the purely chance observer, the locality regulars (now recognising that ‘time in’ eventually equals ‘rarity out’), the ringers (particularly when working in groups), the occasional tally-hunter (most of us, if we are honest), the full-time observatory workers (exhibiting the highest standards of discipline) and the growing group of full-blooded rarity collectors (self-styled ‘twitchers’, covering individually up to 30,000 miles in their annual pursuit of ‘lifers’).",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person who places rings or bands on a bird's leg."
],
"id": "en-ringer-en-noun-jnC5~70R",
"links": [
[
"ornithology",
"ornithology"
],
[
"band",
"band"
],
[
"bird's",
"bird"
],
[
"leg",
"leg"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ornithology) A person who places rings or bands on a bird's leg."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"ornithology"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Australian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1964, Alec Bolton, Walkabout′s Australia, Walkabout magazine, page 107,\nThe ringers are the stockmen on a station. The cattle pass through their hands before the drovers lift them and take them along the stock routes that lead to the killing pens in cities."
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
32,
38
],
[
32,
39
],
[
56,
62
],
[
156,
162
]
],
"ref": "1987, Geoffrey Atkinson, Philip Quirk., The Australian Adventure: The Explorer′s Guide to the Island Continent, page 175:",
"text": "This vast holding is run by six ringers and six boys. A ringer is a qualified stationhand and a boy is a trainee. It takes four years for a boy to become a ringer.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
69,
77
]
],
"ref": "2005, Jake Drake, The Wild West in Australia and America, page 156:",
"text": "Most people associated with the Australian beef industry believe the ringer′s skill of throwing cattle by the tail to be a practice that is purely Australian. There is ample evidence however, that it was practised in South and Central America long before it was developed here.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A stockman, a cowboy."
],
"id": "en-ringer-en-noun-DZOOit6v",
"links": [
[
"stockman",
"stockman"
],
[
"cowboy",
"cowboy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Australia) A stockman, a cowboy."
],
"tags": [
"Australia"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Games",
"orig": "en:Games",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In the game of horseshoes, the event of the horseshoe landing around the pole."
],
"id": "en-ringer-en-noun-ZXaqd-Bt",
"links": [
[
"games",
"game#Noun"
],
[
"horseshoes",
"horseshoes"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(games) In the game of horseshoes, the event of the horseshoe landing around the pole."
],
"topics": [
"games"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Games",
"orig": "en:Games",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 4 5 5 5 10 5 7 4 10 6 9 6 6 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 12 19 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries referencing ambiguous etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 12 18 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 13 18 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 13 19 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 9 22 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 9 24 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A game of marbles where players attempt to knock each other's marbles out of a ring drawn on the ground."
],
"id": "en-ringer-en-noun-UFHaBytl",
"links": [
[
"games",
"game#Noun"
],
[
"marbles",
"marbles"
],
[
"ring",
"ring"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, games) A game of marbles where players attempt to knock each other's marbles out of a ring drawn on the ground."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"games"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹɪŋə(ɹ)/"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-ringer.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/En-au-ringer.ogg/En-au-ringer.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/En-au-ringer.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪŋə(ɹ)"
}
],
"word": "ringer"
}
{
"etymology_number": "3",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Probably so named after the custom of ringing a bell to denote the winner of a contest or competition.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ringers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ringer (plural ringers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ding, ding, ding, we have a winner"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A top performer."
],
"id": "en-ringer-en-noun-lV-znFxV",
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, dialect) A top performer."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Australian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
100,
106
]
],
"ref": "1891 December 5, The Bacchus Marsh Express, Victoria, page 7, column 7:",
"text": "Click goes his shears; click, click, click.\n Wide are the blows, and his hand is moving quick,\n The ringer looks round, for he lost it by a blow,\n And he curses that old shearer with the bare belled ewe.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The champion shearer of a shearing shed."
],
"id": "en-ringer-en-noun-HtoUIomg",
"links": [
[
"shearer",
"shearer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Australia) The champion shearer of a shearing shed."
],
"tags": [
"Australia"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹɪŋə(ɹ)/"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-ringer.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/En-au-ringer.ogg/En-au-ringer.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/En-au-ringer.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪŋə(ɹ)"
}
],
"word": "ringer"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"ring the changes",
"ring the changes#English"
]
],
"etymology_number": "4",
"etymology_text": "Some senses may derive from ring the changes (“run through variations; enliven; pass counterfeit money; trick a shopkeeper into giving too much change”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ringers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ringer (plural ringers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Any person or thing that is fraudulent; a fake or impostor."
],
"id": "en-ringer-en-noun-0NHksoB9",
"links": [
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"fraudulent",
"fraudulent"
],
[
"fake",
"fake"
],
[
"impostor",
"impostor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) Any person or thing that is fraudulent; a fake or impostor."
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Sports",
"orig": "en:Sports",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "38 0 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 27 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "shill"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Near-synonym: hustler"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
167,
173
]
],
"text": "In this next clip from the security camera, we see that the rube flashing his wad of cash thinks he'll win, but he doesn't realize that the guy in the gray shirt is a ringer.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person highly proficient at a skill or sport who is brought in, often fraudulently, to supplement a team."
],
"id": "en-ringer-en-noun-~MBuyUNH",
"links": [
[
"sports",
"sports"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sports) A person highly proficient at a skill or sport who is brought in, often fraudulently, to supplement a team."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hustler"
}
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Horse racing",
"orig": "en:Horse racing",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A horse fraudulently entered in a race using the name of another horse."
],
"id": "en-ringer-en-noun-n34AGysj",
"links": [
[
"horse racing",
"horse racing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(horse racing) A horse fraudulently entered in a race using the name of another horse."
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"horse-racing",
"horseracing",
"horses",
"lifestyle",
"pets",
"racing",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
41,
49
]
],
"ref": "2020, Tom Hartley, Tom Hartley: The Dealmaker:",
"text": "I had heard early on in my career about 'ringers': cars that were stolen and cloned, but it was 1993 before I was to experience this first-hand.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A fraudulently cloned (or cut-and-shut) motor vehicle."
],
"id": "en-ringer-en-noun-03r5Q4jH",
"links": [
[
"fraudulent",
"fraudulent"
],
[
"clone",
"clone"
],
[
"cut-and-shut",
"cut-and-shut"
],
[
"motor vehicle",
"motor vehicle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, slang) A fraudulently cloned (or cut-and-shut) motor vehicle."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹɪŋə(ɹ)/"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-ringer.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/En-au-ringer.ogg/En-au-ringer.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/En-au-ringer.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪŋə(ɹ)"
}
],
"word": "ringer"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"ring of truth",
"ring of truth#English"
]
],
"etymology_number": "5",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"title": "Unclear"
},
"expansion": "Unclear",
"name": "unc"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unclear. Compare ring of truth, and see the \"fake, impostor\" sense at Etymology 4.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ringers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ringer (plural ringers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
32,
38
]
],
"text": "That man over there is an exact ringer for my father!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
195,
201
],
[
208,
214
]
],
"ref": "1998, Ethan Coen, Joel Coen, The Big Lebowski (motion picture), spoken by The Dude (Jeff Bridges):",
"text": "I mean, he knows we never handed off the briefcase, but he never asked for it back. The million bucks was never in the briefcase! The asshole was hoping that they would kill her! You threw out a ringer for a ringer!",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person, animal, or entity which resembles another so closely as to be taken for the other; a look-alike (now usually in the phrase dead ringer)."
],
"id": "en-ringer-en-noun-7cbePsbE",
"links": [
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"entity",
"entity"
],
[
"look-alike",
"look-alike"
],
[
"dead ringer",
"dead ringer#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dead ringer"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹɪŋə(ɹ)/"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-ringer.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/En-au-ringer.ogg/En-au-ringer.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/En-au-ringer.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪŋə(ɹ)"
}
],
"word": "ringer"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"ring",
"ring#English"
],
[
"-er",
"-er#English"
]
],
"etymology_number": "6",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ring",
"3": "er"
},
"expansion": "ring + -er",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From ring + -er, from the noun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ringers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ringer (plural ringers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "en:Military",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
17,
37
]
],
"ref": "2012, John Harris, The Lonely Voyage:",
"text": "A group of naval one- and two-ringers were chatting by the office door with a few ratings, complete with kit-bags and oilskins.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
43,
64
]
],
"ref": "2013, Dudley Pope, Convoy:",
"text": "The senior officer of the escort was an RN two and a half ringer who had a reputation of being one of the best.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An officer having the specified number of rings (denoting rank) on the uniform sleeve."
],
"id": "en-ringer-en-noun-TzPpCuue",
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, military, informal, in combination) An officer having the specified number of rings (denoting rank) on the uniform sleeve."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"in-compounds",
"informal"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 1 4 1 4 9 2 11 3 12 5 5 8 4 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 4 5 5 5 10 5 7 4 10 6 9 6 6 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 4 1 1 2 1 3 8 1 10 5 9 4 5 7 3 27 0 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 1 1 2 1 3 8 1 10 3 9 4 5 7 3 30 0 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
55,
62
]
],
"ref": "2007, Descant, number 138, page 28:",
"text": "[…] shabby baseball caps, faded and worn-out T-shirts, ringers and polos with artificially aged hems […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
35,
42
]
],
"ref": "2011, Buck Peden, Baseball, Golf, Wars, Women & Puppies: An Autobiography, page 278:",
"text": "The shirts were light blue heather ringers with royal blue trim on the necks and sleeves.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A ringer T-shirt."
],
"id": "en-ringer-en-noun-vL7GiIY9",
"links": [
[
"ringer T-shirt",
"ringer T-shirt"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹɪŋə(ɹ)/"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-ringer.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/En-au-ringer.ogg/En-au-ringer.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/En-au-ringer.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪŋə(ɹ)"
}
],
"word": "ringer"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"ringe",
"ringe#Danish"
],
[
"-er",
"-er#Danish"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "ringe",
"3": "er"
},
"expansion": "ringe + -er",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From ringe + -er.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "ringer",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "ringe"
}
],
"glosses": [
"present of ringe"
],
"id": "en-ringer-da-verb-RCOxW~Rr",
"links": [
[
"ringe",
"ringe#Danish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"present"
]
}
],
"word": "ringer"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"ringe",
"ringe#Danish"
],
[
"-er",
"-er#Danish"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "ringe",
"3": "er"
},
"expansion": "ringe + -er",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From ringe + -er.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ringeren",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ringere",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "da-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ringer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ringeren",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ringere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ringerne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ringers",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ringerens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ringeres",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ringernes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"10": "ringere",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{pl-indef-2}}}",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{pl-indef-3}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{com}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "singular definite",
"4": "ringeren",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{sg-def-2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "plural indefinite",
"checkredlinks": "1",
"g": "c",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "ringer c (singular definite ringeren, plural indefinite ringere)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "e"
},
"expansion": "ringer c (singular definite ringeren, plural indefinite ringere)",
"name": "da-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "e",
"3": "ne"
},
"name": "da-decl"
},
{
"args": {
"g": "c",
"gen-pl-def": "ringernes",
"gen-pl-def-2": "",
"gen-pl-def-3": "",
"gen-pl-indef": "ringeres",
"gen-pl-indef-2": "",
"gen-sg-def": "ringerens",
"gen-sg-def-2": "",
"gen-sg-indef": "ringers",
"gen-sg-indef-2": "",
"gen-sg-indef-3": "",
"pl-def": "ringerne",
"pl-def-2": "",
"pl-def-3": "",
"pl-indef": "ringere",
"pl-indef-2": "",
"pl-indef-3": "",
"sg-def": "ringeren",
"sg-def-2": "",
"sg-indef": "ringer"
},
"name": "da-noun-infl-base"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "56 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Danish terms suffixed with -er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 44",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "da",
"name": "Occupations",
"orig": "da:Occupations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bell ringer / bell-ringer / bellringer (in a church)"
],
"id": "en-ringer-da-noun-0SO8f61j",
"links": [
[
"bell ringer",
"bell ringer"
],
[
"bell-ringer",
"bell-ringer"
],
[
"bellringer",
"bellringer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncommon) bell ringer / bell-ringer / bellringer (in a church)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "klokker"
}
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"uncommon"
]
}
],
"word": "ringer"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "ringer m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "ring"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indefinite plural of ring"
],
"id": "en-ringer-nb-noun-nAMobyCR",
"links": [
[
"ring",
"ring#Norwegian_Bokmål"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "ringer"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "verbf"
},
"expansion": "ringer",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "ringe"
}
],
"glosses": [
"present of ringe"
],
"id": "en-ringer-nb-verb-RCOxW~Rr",
"links": [
[
"ringe",
"ringe#Norwegian_Bokmål"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"present"
]
}
],
"word": "ringer"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "ringer",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norwegian Nynorsk entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "ringa"
}
],
"glosses": [
"present of ringa"
],
"id": "en-ringer-nn-verb-l~1Xl-Ur",
"links": [
[
"ringa",
"ringa#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"present"
]
}
],
"word": "ringer"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "ring"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"hringr",
"hringr#Old_Norse"
],
[
"*hringaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hringaz"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "non",
"3": "hringr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hringr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hringaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hringaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse hringr, from Proto-Germanic *hringaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmq-osw-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ringer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ringrin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ringar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ringanir",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ringaner",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ring",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ringin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ringa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ringana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ringi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ringe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ringinum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ringenom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ringum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ringom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ringumin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ringomen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rings",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ringsins",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ringa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ringanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "ringer m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ring"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-noun-a-m"
},
{
"args": {
"apd": "ringana",
"api": "ringa",
"asd": "ringin",
"asi": "ring",
"dpd": "ringumin,ringomen",
"dpi": "ringum,ringom",
"dsd": "ringinum,ringenom",
"dsi": "ringi,ringe",
"g": "masculine",
"gpd": "ringanna",
"gpi": "ringa",
"gsd": "ringsins",
"gsi": "rings",
"notes": "",
"npd": "ringanir,ringaner",
"npi": "ringar",
"nsd": "ringrin",
"nsi": "ringer",
"stem": "strong a-stem",
"title": "ringer"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-blank-full"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ringer",
"2": "nsi"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ringrin",
"2": "nsd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ringar",
"2": "npi"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ringanir,ringaner",
"2": "npd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ring",
"2": "asi"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ringin",
"2": "asd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ringa",
"2": "api"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ringana",
"2": "apd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ringi,ringe",
"2": "dsi"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ringinum,ringenom",
"2": "dsd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ringum,ringom",
"2": "dpi"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ringumin,ringomen",
"2": "dpd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rings",
"2": "gsi"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ringsins",
"2": "gsd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ringa",
"2": "gpi"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ringanna",
"2": "gpd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
}
],
"lang": "Old Swedish",
"lang_code": "gmq-osw",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ring, circle"
],
"id": "en-ringer-gmq-osw-noun-a3rdM7G8",
"links": [
[
"ring",
"ring"
],
[
"circle",
"circle"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "ringer"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "ringer",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "ringa"
}
],
"glosses": [
"present indicative of ringa"
],
"id": "en-ringer-sv-verb-Mz49hXLf",
"links": [
[
"ringa",
"ringa#Swedish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present"
]
}
],
"word": "ringer"
}
{
"categories": [
"Danish common-gender nouns",
"Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"Danish lemmas",
"Danish nouns",
"Danish nouns with red links in their headword lines",
"Danish terms suffixed with -er",
"Danish verbs",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"da:Occupations"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"ringe",
"ringe#Danish"
],
[
"-er",
"-er#Danish"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "ringe",
"3": "er"
},
"expansion": "ringe + -er",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From ringe + -er.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "ringer",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "ringe"
}
],
"glosses": [
"present of ringe"
],
"links": [
[
"ringe",
"ringe#Danish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"present"
]
}
],
"word": "ringer"
}
{
"categories": [
"Danish common-gender nouns",
"Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"Danish lemmas",
"Danish nouns",
"Danish nouns with red links in their headword lines",
"Danish terms suffixed with -er",
"Danish verbs",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"da:Occupations"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"ringe",
"ringe#Danish"
],
[
"-er",
"-er#Danish"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "ringe",
"3": "er"
},
"expansion": "ringe + -er",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From ringe + -er.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ringeren",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ringere",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "da-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ringer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ringeren",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ringere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ringerne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ringers",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ringerens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ringeres",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ringernes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"10": "ringere",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{pl-indef-2}}}",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{pl-indef-3}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{com}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "singular definite",
"4": "ringeren",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{sg-def-2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "plural indefinite",
"checkredlinks": "1",
"g": "c",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "ringer c (singular definite ringeren, plural indefinite ringere)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "e"
},
"expansion": "ringer c (singular definite ringeren, plural indefinite ringere)",
"name": "da-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "e",
"3": "ne"
},
"name": "da-decl"
},
{
"args": {
"g": "c",
"gen-pl-def": "ringernes",
"gen-pl-def-2": "",
"gen-pl-def-3": "",
"gen-pl-indef": "ringeres",
"gen-pl-indef-2": "",
"gen-sg-def": "ringerens",
"gen-sg-def-2": "",
"gen-sg-indef": "ringers",
"gen-sg-indef-2": "",
"gen-sg-indef-3": "",
"pl-def": "ringerne",
"pl-def-2": "",
"pl-def-3": "",
"pl-indef": "ringere",
"pl-indef-2": "",
"pl-indef-3": "",
"sg-def": "ringeren",
"sg-def-2": "",
"sg-indef": "ringer"
},
"name": "da-noun-infl-base"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Danish terms with uncommon senses"
],
"glosses": [
"bell ringer / bell-ringer / bellringer (in a church)"
],
"links": [
[
"bell ringer",
"bell ringer"
],
[
"bell-ringer",
"bell-ringer"
],
[
"bellringer",
"bellringer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncommon) bell ringer / bell-ringer / bellringer (in a church)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "klokker"
}
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"uncommon"
]
}
],
"word": "ringer"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -er",
"English terms suffixed with -er (agent noun)",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɪŋə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/ɪŋə(ɹ)/2 syllables",
"en:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "hogringer"
},
{
"word": "ringer equivalence number"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"ringere",
"ringere#Middle_English"
],
[
"rynger",
"rynger#Middle_English"
],
[
"ryngar",
"ryngar#Middle_English"
],
[
"ring",
"ring#English"
],
[
"-er",
"-er#English:_agent_noun"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "ringere"
},
"expansion": "Middle English ringere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ring",
"3": "er",
"gloss1": "to sound a bell",
"id2": "agent noun"
},
"expansion": "ring (“to sound a bell”) + -er",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English ringere, rynger, ryngar, equivalent to ring (“to sound a bell”) + -er.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ringers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ringer (plural ringers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
38,
45
]
],
"ref": "1863, Jean Ingelow, High Tide on the Coast of Lincolnshire:",
"text": "Pull, if ye never pull′d before;\nGood ringers, pull your best,\" quoth he.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Someone who rings, especially a bell ringer."
],
"links": [
[
"ring",
"ring"
],
[
"bell ringer",
"bell ringer"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Mining"
],
"glosses": [
"A crowbar."
],
"links": [
[
"mining",
"mining#Noun"
],
[
"crowbar",
"crowbar"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mining) A crowbar."
],
"senseid": [
"en:Q13681"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"mining"
],
"wikidata": [
"Q13681"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹɪŋə(ɹ)/"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-ringer.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/En-au-ringer.ogg/En-au-ringer.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/En-au-ringer.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪŋə(ɹ)"
}
],
"word": "ringer"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries referencing ambiguous etymons",
"English entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms suffixed with -er",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:English/ɪŋə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/ɪŋə(ɹ)/2 syllables",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"ring",
"ring#English"
],
[
"-er",
"-er#English"
]
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "ring<t:to surround>",
"4": "-er",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "From ring (“to surround”) + -er.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From ring (“to surround”) + -er.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ringers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ringer (plural ringers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Ornithology"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
229,
236
]
],
"ref": "1970, D.I.M. Wallace, “The first ten years of the Rarities Committee”, in British Birds, volume 63, number 3, London, page 124:",
"text": "It is difficult to classify them precisely, but, in roughly ascending order of productivity, we now recognise the purely chance observer, the locality regulars (now recognising that ‘time in’ eventually equals ‘rarity out’), the ringers (particularly when working in groups), the occasional tally-hunter (most of us, if we are honest), the full-time observatory workers (exhibiting the highest standards of discipline) and the growing group of full-blooded rarity collectors (self-styled ‘twitchers’, covering individually up to 30,000 miles in their annual pursuit of ‘lifers’).",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person who places rings or bands on a bird's leg."
],
"links": [
[
"ornithology",
"ornithology"
],
[
"band",
"band"
],
[
"bird's",
"bird"
],
[
"leg",
"leg"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ornithology) A person who places rings or bands on a bird's leg."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"ornithology"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Australian English",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1964, Alec Bolton, Walkabout′s Australia, Walkabout magazine, page 107,\nThe ringers are the stockmen on a station. The cattle pass through their hands before the drovers lift them and take them along the stock routes that lead to the killing pens in cities."
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
32,
38
],
[
32,
39
],
[
56,
62
],
[
156,
162
]
],
"ref": "1987, Geoffrey Atkinson, Philip Quirk., The Australian Adventure: The Explorer′s Guide to the Island Continent, page 175:",
"text": "This vast holding is run by six ringers and six boys. A ringer is a qualified stationhand and a boy is a trainee. It takes four years for a boy to become a ringer.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
69,
77
]
],
"ref": "2005, Jake Drake, The Wild West in Australia and America, page 156:",
"text": "Most people associated with the Australian beef industry believe the ringer′s skill of throwing cattle by the tail to be a practice that is purely Australian. There is ample evidence however, that it was practised in South and Central America long before it was developed here.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A stockman, a cowboy."
],
"links": [
[
"stockman",
"stockman"
],
[
"cowboy",
"cowboy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Australia) A stockman, a cowboy."
],
"tags": [
"Australia"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Games"
],
"glosses": [
"In the game of horseshoes, the event of the horseshoe landing around the pole."
],
"links": [
[
"games",
"game#Noun"
],
[
"horseshoes",
"horseshoes"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(games) In the game of horseshoes, the event of the horseshoe landing around the pole."
],
"topics": [
"games"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English uncountable nouns",
"en:Games"
],
"glosses": [
"A game of marbles where players attempt to knock each other's marbles out of a ring drawn on the ground."
],
"links": [
[
"games",
"game#Noun"
],
[
"marbles",
"marbles"
],
[
"ring",
"ring"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, games) A game of marbles where players attempt to knock each other's marbles out of a ring drawn on the ground."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"games"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹɪŋə(ɹ)/"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-ringer.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/En-au-ringer.ogg/En-au-ringer.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/En-au-ringer.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪŋə(ɹ)"
}
],
"word": "ringer"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms suffixed with -er",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɪŋə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/ɪŋə(ɹ)/2 syllables",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_number": "3",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Probably so named after the custom of ringing a bell to denote the winner of a contest or competition.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ringers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ringer (plural ringers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "ding, ding, ding, we have a winner"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English dialectal terms"
],
"glosses": [
"A top performer."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, dialect) A top performer."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Australian English",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
100,
106
]
],
"ref": "1891 December 5, The Bacchus Marsh Express, Victoria, page 7, column 7:",
"text": "Click goes his shears; click, click, click.\n Wide are the blows, and his hand is moving quick,\n The ringer looks round, for he lost it by a blow,\n And he curses that old shearer with the bare belled ewe.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The champion shearer of a shearing shed."
],
"links": [
[
"shearer",
"shearer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Australia) The champion shearer of a shearing shed."
],
"tags": [
"Australia"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹɪŋə(ɹ)/"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-ringer.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/En-au-ringer.ogg/En-au-ringer.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/En-au-ringer.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪŋə(ɹ)"
}
],
"word": "ringer"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms suffixed with -er",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɪŋə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/ɪŋə(ɹ)/2 syllables",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"ring the changes",
"ring the changes#English"
]
],
"etymology_number": "4",
"etymology_text": "Some senses may derive from ring the changes (“run through variations; enliven; pass counterfeit money; trick a shopkeeper into giving too much change”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ringers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ringer (plural ringers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English slang"
],
"glosses": [
"Any person or thing that is fraudulent; a fake or impostor."
],
"links": [
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"fraudulent",
"fraudulent"
],
[
"fake",
"fake"
],
[
"impostor",
"impostor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) Any person or thing that is fraudulent; a fake or impostor."
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Sports"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "shill"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Near-synonym: hustler"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
167,
173
]
],
"text": "In this next clip from the security camera, we see that the rube flashing his wad of cash thinks he'll win, but he doesn't realize that the guy in the gray shirt is a ringer.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person highly proficient at a skill or sport who is brought in, often fraudulently, to supplement a team."
],
"links": [
[
"sports",
"sports"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sports) A person highly proficient at a skill or sport who is brought in, often fraudulently, to supplement a team."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hustler"
}
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Horse racing"
],
"glosses": [
"A horse fraudulently entered in a race using the name of another horse."
],
"links": [
[
"horse racing",
"horse racing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(horse racing) A horse fraudulently entered in a race using the name of another horse."
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"horse-racing",
"horseracing",
"horses",
"lifestyle",
"pets",
"racing",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English slang",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
41,
49
]
],
"ref": "2020, Tom Hartley, Tom Hartley: The Dealmaker:",
"text": "I had heard early on in my career about 'ringers': cars that were stolen and cloned, but it was 1993 before I was to experience this first-hand.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A fraudulently cloned (or cut-and-shut) motor vehicle."
],
"links": [
[
"fraudulent",
"fraudulent"
],
[
"clone",
"clone"
],
[
"cut-and-shut",
"cut-and-shut"
],
[
"motor vehicle",
"motor vehicle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, slang) A fraudulently cloned (or cut-and-shut) motor vehicle."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹɪŋə(ɹ)/"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-ringer.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/En-au-ringer.ogg/En-au-ringer.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/En-au-ringer.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪŋə(ɹ)"
}
],
"word": "ringer"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms suffixed with -er",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɪŋə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/ɪŋə(ɹ)/2 syllables",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"ring of truth",
"ring of truth#English"
]
],
"etymology_number": "5",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"title": "Unclear"
},
"expansion": "Unclear",
"name": "unc"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unclear. Compare ring of truth, and see the \"fake, impostor\" sense at Etymology 4.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ringers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ringer (plural ringers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
32,
38
]
],
"text": "That man over there is an exact ringer for my father!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
195,
201
],
[
208,
214
]
],
"ref": "1998, Ethan Coen, Joel Coen, The Big Lebowski (motion picture), spoken by The Dude (Jeff Bridges):",
"text": "I mean, he knows we never handed off the briefcase, but he never asked for it back. The million bucks was never in the briefcase! The asshole was hoping that they would kill her! You threw out a ringer for a ringer!",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person, animal, or entity which resembles another so closely as to be taken for the other; a look-alike (now usually in the phrase dead ringer)."
],
"links": [
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"entity",
"entity"
],
[
"look-alike",
"look-alike"
],
[
"dead ringer",
"dead ringer#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dead ringer"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹɪŋə(ɹ)/"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-ringer.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/En-au-ringer.ogg/En-au-ringer.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/En-au-ringer.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪŋə(ɹ)"
}
],
"word": "ringer"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms suffixed with -er",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɪŋə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/ɪŋə(ɹ)/2 syllables",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"ring",
"ring#English"
],
[
"-er",
"-er#English"
]
],
"etymology_number": "6",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ring",
"3": "er"
},
"expansion": "ring + -er",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From ring + -er, from the noun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ringers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ringer (plural ringers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English informal terms",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Military"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
17,
37
]
],
"ref": "2012, John Harris, The Lonely Voyage:",
"text": "A group of naval one- and two-ringers were chatting by the office door with a few ratings, complete with kit-bags and oilskins.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
43,
64
]
],
"ref": "2013, Dudley Pope, Convoy:",
"text": "The senior officer of the escort was an RN two and a half ringer who had a reputation of being one of the best.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An officer having the specified number of rings (denoting rank) on the uniform sleeve."
],
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, military, informal, in combination) An officer having the specified number of rings (denoting rank) on the uniform sleeve."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"in-compounds",
"informal"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
55,
62
]
],
"ref": "2007, Descant, number 138, page 28:",
"text": "[…] shabby baseball caps, faded and worn-out T-shirts, ringers and polos with artificially aged hems […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
35,
42
]
],
"ref": "2011, Buck Peden, Baseball, Golf, Wars, Women & Puppies: An Autobiography, page 278:",
"text": "The shirts were light blue heather ringers with royal blue trim on the necks and sleeves.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A ringer T-shirt."
],
"links": [
[
"ringer T-shirt",
"ringer T-shirt"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹɪŋə(ɹ)/"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-ringer.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/En-au-ringer.ogg/En-au-ringer.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/En-au-ringer.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪŋə(ɹ)"
}
],
"word": "ringer"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "ringer m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "ring"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indefinite plural of ring"
],
"links": [
[
"ring",
"ring#Norwegian_Bokmål"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "ringer"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "verbf"
},
"expansion": "ringer",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "ringe"
}
],
"glosses": [
"present of ringe"
],
"links": [
[
"ringe",
"ringe#Norwegian_Bokmål"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"present"
]
}
],
"word": "ringer"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "ringer",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Nynorsk entries with incorrect language header",
"Norwegian Nynorsk non-lemma forms",
"Norwegian Nynorsk verb forms",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "ringa"
}
],
"glosses": [
"present of ringa"
],
"links": [
[
"ringa",
"ringa#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"present"
]
}
],
"word": "ringer"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "ring"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"hringr",
"hringr#Old_Norse"
],
[
"*hringaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hringaz"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "non",
"3": "hringr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hringr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hringaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hringaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse hringr, from Proto-Germanic *hringaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmq-osw-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ringer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ringrin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ringar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ringanir",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ringaner",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ring",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ringin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ringa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ringana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ringi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ringe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ringinum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ringenom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ringum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ringom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ringumin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ringomen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rings",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ringsins",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ringa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ringanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "ringer m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ring"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-noun-a-m"
},
{
"args": {
"apd": "ringana",
"api": "ringa",
"asd": "ringin",
"asi": "ring",
"dpd": "ringumin,ringomen",
"dpi": "ringum,ringom",
"dsd": "ringinum,ringenom",
"dsi": "ringi,ringe",
"g": "masculine",
"gpd": "ringanna",
"gpi": "ringa",
"gsd": "ringsins",
"gsi": "rings",
"notes": "",
"npd": "ringanir,ringaner",
"npi": "ringar",
"nsd": "ringrin",
"nsi": "ringer",
"stem": "strong a-stem",
"title": "ringer"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-blank-full"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ringer",
"2": "nsi"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ringrin",
"2": "nsd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ringar",
"2": "npi"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ringanir,ringaner",
"2": "npd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ring",
"2": "asi"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ringin",
"2": "asd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ringa",
"2": "api"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ringana",
"2": "apd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ringi,ringe",
"2": "dsi"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ringinum,ringenom",
"2": "dsd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ringum,ringom",
"2": "dpi"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ringumin,ringomen",
"2": "dpd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rings",
"2": "gsi"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ringsins",
"2": "gsd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ringa",
"2": "gpi"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ringanna",
"2": "gpd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
}
],
"lang": "Old Swedish",
"lang_code": "gmq-osw",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Swedish a-stem nouns",
"Old Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Swedish lemmas",
"Old Swedish masculine nouns",
"Old Swedish nouns",
"Old Swedish terms derived from Old Norse",
"Old Swedish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Swedish terms inherited from Old Norse",
"Old Swedish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"ring, circle"
],
"links": [
[
"ring",
"ring"
],
[
"circle",
"circle"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "ringer"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "ringer",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish non-lemma forms",
"Swedish verb forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "ringa"
}
],
"glosses": [
"present indicative of ringa"
],
"links": [
[
"ringa",
"ringa#Swedish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present"
]
}
],
"word": "ringer"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ringer meaning in All languages combined (27.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.